1801006175 - SHORTCASE


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Chief complaints:

 A 45 old male patient auto driver by occupation came to the OPD with cheif complaints of swelling in both the legs & shortness of breath since 10 days.

History of present illness:

Patient was apparently asymptomatic 10 days back then he developed increased swelling in both lower limbs which is pitting type of edema .insidious in onset gradual in progression. Swelling is up to the ankles . It is not seen above the ankles . 

patient also complains of shortness of breath which is insidious onset gradually progressive . It progressed from grade 2 to grade-4(ie patient first had dyspnoea on normal physical activity but then later he had dyspnoea even on rest) Patient also complains of breathlessness in lying down position. Aggravated on activity and relived on rest . 

History of paroxysmal nocturnal Dyspnea is present 3 hours after patient sleeps and it is relieved when patient arises.

Patient also complains of fatigue on activity. 

No complaints of facial puffiness . 

No H/o chest pain , palpitations, syncope attack . 

No complaints of confusion , altered mental status , lack of concentration , memory impairment .

No complaints of abdominal pain . 

No H/O cough , sputum , hemoptysis, chest pain. 

No H/O burning micturation , increased frequency of urine , decreased urine output . 




Past history:

Patient is known case of diabetic since 6 years .Patient is also hypertensive since 5 years . No history of tuberculosis, asthma , epilepsy .

Treatment history:

 patient is taking insulin injections for the diabetes and for hypertension he is taking Tab Tab metaprolol . 



Personal history:

Appetite is normal

 diet is mixed 

 bowel and bladder are regular

 sleep is adequate

no addictions & no allergies. 

Family history: 

no similar complaints in the family.

General examination

Patient is conscious,coherent & cooperative. Moderately built and well nourished , well oriented with time , place and person. 

Pallor is present 

No icterus , cyanosis , clubbing , lymphadenopathy. 

Pedal edema is present.

Vitals:

Temperature:98.6°f 

Pulse rate:82b/m

Blood pressure:130/80mmhg. 

Respiratory rate:21 cycles/min.

Pedal Edema seen in the picture above (pitting)




Systemic examination: 

CVS Examination: 

Inspection:

 JVP is raised. (Normal range is 6 to 8 cm of h2o)10 cm of h2o

Chest wall is bilaterally symmetrical. No precordial bulge, no engorged veins over the chest wall , no engorged neck veins , tracheal position is central . No scars and sinuses . 

Palpation : 

Apex beat is present at the 7 th intercostal space 1cm lateral to the mid clavicular line . 

No pulsations, No parastetnal heave , No precordial or carotid thrill , No dilated veins . 

Percussion : normal

Auscultation: s1and s2 are heard and no murmurs. 


Respiratory system examination: 

Inspection: 

Upper respiratory tract : oral cavity , nose , pharynx are normal. 

Lower respiratory tract : 

Chest is bilaterally symmetrical , No chest deformities, No spinal deformities, Movements of the chest are symmetrical.

Palpation : 

Apex beat at the level of 8th intercostal space 1cm lateral to the midclavicular line . 

Trachea is central in position, Chest expansion is normal , expansion of chest is bilaterally symmetrical. No tactile Fremitus and No friction fremitus. Vocal fremitus is also normal.

Percussion : resonant.

Auscultation: 

Rales are heard

Bilateral crepitations present 

Vocal resonance is normal , No wheezing , No stridor , No pleural and pericordial rub . 

Per abdomen examination: 

Inspection: 

Abdominal distension is absent .

Umbilicus is inverted(normal) , all quadrants move equally with the respiration, No visible pulsations , No scars , sinuses , striae , stretched skin, No hernial orifices , No veins on the abdominal wall . 

Palpation : 

No rise of temperature and No tenderness over the abdomen . 

No enlargement of organs . 

Percussion : shifting dullness is absent . No fluid thrill , No increase in the liver span . 

Auscultation: 

Bowel sounds are heard . 



CNS examination : 

Higher mental functions are normal .

Cranial nerves examination is normal . 

Motor system : 

1. Bulk : both right and left upper and lower limbs are normal . 

2.Tone : tone of both upper and lower limbs are normal . 

3. Power : power of neck muscles , upper limbs , lower limbs, trunk muscles are good . 

4. Reflexes : superficial reflexes and deep reflexes are normal . 

Deep tendon reflexes : Biceps jerk , triceps jerk , ankle jerk , knee jerk are present . 

Normal gait and No involuntary movements. 

Sensory system : crude touch , pain , temperature, fine touch , vibration , position sense are normal . 

Cerebellar signs : Nystagmus , Dysarthria , Hypotonia are not present . 

No signs of meningeal irritation. 




Provisional diagnosis : Heart failure with pulmonary edema .





Investigations:

Hemogram:  

      Hb: 9.5gm/dl  (nv: 13-17)

    Mcv : 80.8fl  (nv :83-101)

    Mch: 26.5pg  (nv :27-32) 

   




RFT:

         Urea : 40 mg/dl (12-42)

         Creatinine : 1 mg/dl (0.9-1.3)



LFT:

     Alkaline phosphate : 210IU/L (53-128)

      Albumin :3.23gm/dl (3.5-5.2) 


Serum iron: 60micrograms/dl .(nv is 60 to 120 mcg per l)

ECG :

There is widening of qrs seen
T wave inversion pattern seen


                            2d echo:

 
From the 2d echo we can deduce the following findings:
There is concentric left ventricular failure 
Ra: dilated
La: dilated


Chest X-ray:




Treatment:

Bed rest .

Fluid restriction <1.5 lit/day

Salt restriction < 2gm/day



Inj.Lasix 40mg IV/BD.(furosemide tablets)

Monitor vitals.














Note:
In cardiogenic  pulmonary edema,
Sob increases on lying down,edema in the extremities,tachypnoea
Causes of pulmonary edema:
Lhf 
Mitral regurgitation 
Aortic stenosis
Arrhythmias





Nyha grading for dyspnoea










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